Here's the first sentence of Stuart Klawans' review of There Will Be Blood, as printed in the January 28, 2008 issue of The Nation:
By the time the boy lies moaning on the floor, spooned against a father who is helpless to soothe him, the earth has blasted open, fire has whooshed up through an oil derrick and a dozen roustabouts, dwarfed by their handiwork, have raced in all directions across the stony Central California hilltop, trying to contain the immense forces they'd set loose.
The first time you read this, did the main clause's figurative language cause you to ask "wait - is the fire whooshing somehow through [as in "among" or "forcibly separating"] the roustabouts as well?" Cuz it sure did me. Which meant that at first, I was slightly at sea on the question of what "dwarfed" was doing: verb? past participle? Ultimately, of course, it becomes clear that it's the latter, that it modifies "roustabouts," and that the phrase beginning "a dozen roustabouts" is the third in a series of clauses describing what happened "by the time the boy lies moaning..." (the first two being "the earth has blasted open" and "fire has whooshed..."
In a long, complex sentence like this one, what possible justification is there for omitting that comma, which would have gone a long way toward clarifying the sentence's structure?
None that I can think of.
4 comments:
It's not the serial comma that is missing. Two independent sentences joined by a conjunction get a comma before the conjunction.
Sure it is: the "series" here consists of three independent clauses, namely "the earth has blasted open," "fire has whoosehd up through an oil derrick," and "a dozen roustabouts...have raced..."
You're certainly also correct, though, in that the second and third phrases are independent clauses, and by that logic alone should be separated by a comma.
The sentence could also use a semi-colon or two.
The sentence could also use a semi-colon or two.
No, there's no legitimate place for a semicolon there. A semicolon has two basic functions: one, to join grammatically complete phrases; two (as in this list), to separate items in a list if the items contain commas within themselves.
If you put a semicolon after the opening clause (which modifies the entire sentence), you've stranded that non-independent clause with no apparent connection to the rest of the sentence. I suppose you could say that, because the last lengthy clause contains phrases set off by commas, the series should be subdivided by semicolons (rule 2 above) rather than commas. I don't think that would be technically wrong - but I also don't think it's required.
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